Purandaradasa

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Swarajatis - songs

Purandaradasa
Sangita Pitamaha

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Purandaradasa (1484-1564) was born as Srinivasa Nayakain Purandaragherda (Maharashtra) to a wealthy merchant Varadappa.

He was well educated, skilled in Kannada, Sanskrit, and sacred music. His wife Saraswati bai was very religious.

He became a pawnbroker and was known as “navakoti narayana”. A very miserly man, he was uplifted when a Brahmin brought him Saraswati bai’s nose ring received by him in charity, but found to be still in her own possession.

Giving up his wealth and greed, he became a wandering minstrel singing and preaching religion and charity.

Exploring widely across the Vijayanagara empire, praising God, teaching virtue and good conduct, he died in Hampi at the age of 80.

When he was 40, Vyasatirtha initiated him, naming him Purandaradasa.

He is known as Sangita Pitamaha – grandfather of music– and systemized music teaching in Mayamalavagoula raga, which we follow now.

He composed sarali, jantai varisai, alankara, geetas, ugabhogha, sooladi and keertanas.

Often using colloquial language, comments on daily life and familiar folktunes, he sang to the beat of a clapper and string drone, orally transmitting his songs which are known as “devarnamas”.

Set to easy tunes and tempo, they preach devotion, morality, ethics, compassion etc.

There are many references to religious texts and stories of Gajendra Moksha, Prahlada etc. all in simple tunes with multiple charanams.

From his songs, we can see him as a normal human enjoying sight, sounds, foods, and experiences around him. For example, he has mentioned words like Payaram, Seed, Plant, Flower, Fruit, etc.

He is said to have composed 4,75,000 songs of which 1000 are available. Most of his songs are in Kannada, while his signature (mudra) is Purandara Vitala.

Author: Laxmi
website: sangetam.com

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